| B. Ground Reference Maneuvers | ||
| References | 14 CFR ยง61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3 | |
| Objective | To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns and turns around a point | |
| The applicant demonstrates understanding of: | ||
| K1 | Purpose of ground reference maneuvers | |
| K2 | Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference point | |
| K3 | Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn | |
| K4 | Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern | |
| The Applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks encompassing: | ||
| R1 | Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation | |
| R2 | Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles and wires | |
| R3 | Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT | |
| R4 | Distractions, loss of situational awareness or improper task management | |
| R5 | Failure to maintain coordinated flight | |
| The applicant demonstrates the ability to | ||
| S1 | Clear the area | |
| S2 | Select a suitable ground reference area, line or point as appropriate | |
| S3 | Plan the maneuver The evaluator must select at least one maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate |
|
| S3a | a: Rectangular course: Either a left or right pattern, 600 to 1000 AGL and an appropriate distance from the elected reference area 45° to the downwind leg | |
| S3b | b: S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 100 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area | |
| S3c | c: Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1000 AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area | |
| S4 | Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point. | |
| S5 | If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction as specified by the evaluator. | |
| S6 | Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight | |
| S7 | Maintain altitude +/-100 feet, maintain airspeed +/- 10 knots | |