| B. Normal Approach and Landing | ||
| References | FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM; AIM | |
| Objective | To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal approach and landing with emphasis on proper use of flight controls. Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist the applicant's knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing. |
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| The applicant demonstrates understanding of | ||
| K1 | A stabilized approach, to include energy management concepts | |
| K2 | Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance | |
| K3 | Wind correction techniques on approach and landing | |
| The Applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks encompassing: | ||
| R1 | Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance and wind | |
| R2 | Effects of: | |
| R2a | a. Crosswind | |
| R2b | b. Windshear | |
| R2c | c. Tailwind | |
| R2d | d. Wake Turbulence | |
| R2e | e. Runway surface / condition | |
| R3 | Planning for: | |
| R3a | a Go-around and rejected landing. | |
| R3b | b: Land and hold short operations (LAHSO) | |
| R4 | Collision hazards to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, wires, vehicles, persons, and wildlife | |
| R5 | Low Altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT | |
| R6 | Distractions, loss of situational awareness, incorrect airport surface approach and landing, or improper task management | |
| The applicant demonstrates the ability to: | ||
| S1 | Complete the appropriate checklist | |
| S2 | Make radio calls as appropriate | |
| S3 | Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface | |
| S4 | Scan runway or landing surface and the adjoining area for traffic and obstructions | |
| S5 | Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind, landing surface, and obstructions | |
| S6 | Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach. | |
| S7 | Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspped or in its absence not more than 1.3 Vso +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied | |
| S8 | Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing | |
| S9 | Make smooth, timely and correct control application during round out and touchdown | |
| S10 | Touch down at proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point with no side-drift, and with the airplanes longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path | |
| S11 | Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing | |
| S12 | Utilize runway incursion avoidance procedures | |